Together with the Leaning Tower, these buildings form a unique complex that is a symbol of medieval architecture and art.
Cathedral of Santa Maria Assunta
The Cathedral of Santa Maria Assunta, also known as the Duomo di Pisa, is the main church in Pisa and an excellent example of the Romanesque style from the medieval period. Construction of the cathedral began in 1063 by the architect Buschet, and took several decades to complete. The cathedral was dedicated to the Virgin Mary and its interior and exterior are richly decorated.
The exterior of the cathedral is characterised by white and grey marble, decorative arches and bronze doors. The façade is divided by rows of pilasters and arches, which are decorated with intricate patterns and sculptures. The cathedral is also known for its imposing dome and high ceiling, which is decorated with gold paintings.
The interior of the cathedral is no less stunning. There are many works of art, including the pulpit by Giovanni Pisano, which is considered a masterpiece of Gothic sculpture. The cathedral also contains a mosaic in the apse, depicting Christ on the throne, which was created in the 13th century.
One of the most important artifacts of the cathedral is the sarcophagus of Saint Ranieri, the patron saint of Pisa. The sarcophagus is decorated with intricate reliefs and is located in the centre of the cathedral.
Baptistery of St. John
The Baptistery of Saint John (Battistero di San Giovanni) is the largest baptistery in Italy and was built in the early 12th century. Construction began in 1152 and was completed in 1363. The architects Diotisalvi and Nicola Pisano were involved in the design and construction of this impressive building.
The Baptistery is known for its circular plan and its unique combination of Romanesque and Gothic styles. The exterior is decorated with white and grey marble, like a cathedral, and is crowned with a conical roof covered with red tiles and a lantern on top.
The interior of the baptistery is spacious and simple, with a central baptistery and pulpit by Nicola Pisano. The baptistery is made of marble and decorated with intricate reliefs. The baptistery is also known for its excellent acoustics. Every sound in this space bounces off the walls several times, creating a unique sound effect.
Every half hour, acoustics demonstrations are held in the Baptistery, where guides sing a few notes so that visitors can hear the exceptional echo.
The Cathedral and the Baptistery are not only religious and historical monuments, but also important tourist attractions. Every year they attract thousands of visitors who come to admire their architectural beauty and historical significance.
The Piazza dei Miracoli, where these buildings are located, is considered one of the most beautiful squares in the world and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. This place is a living testimony to the rich history and cultural heritage of Pisa and the whole of Italy.
The Cathedral of Santa Maria Assunta and the Baptistery of Saint John are two of the most important buildings of medieval Europe. Their architectural beauty, historical importance and cultural values make them indispensable parts of the heritage of Pisa. These buildings continue to fascinate and inspire visitors from all over the world who come to admire their magnificence and uniqueness.
