History and construction
The construction of the cathedral dates back to 1296, when it was begun according to the plans of the architect Arnolfo di Cambio. However, the preparation and completion of this gigantic project took more than 140 years. Its most famous component, the huge domed dome, was designed by the legendary Filippo Brunelleschi and completed in 1436. The builders did not have modern technology or construction techniques at the time, yet they created a structure that is still an engineering marvel.
Brunelleschi's Duomo: a marvel of Renaissance architecture
The Brunelleschi Dome is undoubtedly the greatest pride of the cathedral. With a diameter of 45.5 metres and a height of over 116 metres, it is the largest brick dome in the world. The secret of its construction lies in the use of an innovative technique called ánulo - the dome was built without scaffolding, using the method of layering bricks in a spiral. Although Brunelleschi never left detailed drawings, his inventiveness was a major step in the history of architecture.
The symbol of Florence
Santa Maria del Fiore is not only an architectural gem, but also an important symbol of Renaissance Florence. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and attracts millions of visitors from all over the world every year.
The spacious cathedral is the fifth largest cathedral in the world - the dome can accommodate up to 25,000 visitors.the cathedral is characterised by its three types of marble cladding: white from Carrara, green from Prato and pink from Maremma, plus rich figural decoration.
The interior of the cathedral
The interior of Santa Maria del Fiore is surprisingly austere, which contrasts sharply with its richly decorated façade. Inside, one can admire the monumental frescoes of the Last Judgement by Giorgio Vasari and Frederico Zuccari, which decorate the interior of the dome. Other notable features are the stained glass windows designed by Donatello himself and artists of the Giotto school.
Giotto's bell tower
Next to the Cathedral stands the Giotto Bell Tower, another gem of Gothic architecture. This 85-metre high tower offers a breathtaking view of Florence and is covered with magnificent reliefs and sculptures.
Baptistery of St. John
Also part of the complex is the solemn Baptistery of St. John (Battistero di San Giovanni), famous for its golden door "Gate of Paradise" by Lorenzo Ghiberti. This artistically elaborate door depicts biblical stories and is considered the pinnacle of Gothic goldsmithing.
Practical tips for visiting
Entrance to the cathedral is free, but special tickets must be purchased to enter the Brunelleschi Dome and the bell tower. It is recommended to reserve the time to enter the dome in advance, as the number of visitors is limited. Don't forget to ascend the dome and enjoy the panoramic view of Florence, which is unparalleled.
Santa Maria del Fiore is proof of how human ingenuity and art can transcend the centuries and continue to fascinate every generation.
