The underground city of Naples is a network of passageways, caves, tunnels, and subterranean spaces located deep beneath the old streets. These spaces were excavated as far back as ancient times—originally as water supply systems; stonemasons and the Romans mined tuff (volcanic rock) here and gradually created an extensive labyrinth.
The History of Naples’ Underground
The history of the underground dates back to Greek and Roman times. The Romans used the underground passages to supply water and to escape the city during wars. During the Middle Ages and the modern era, the underground served as storage spaces, bomb shelters (especially during World War II), or even as burial grounds. In some parts, there are remnants of early Christian catacombs.
What can you see?
A visit to the underground city is like a journey into another dimension. Here you’ll see ancient water cisterns and reservoirs that supplied the city, tuff passages with their characteristic rounded ceilings, catacombs and chapels with wall paintings, as well as the remains of medieval cellars and wartime shelters. The underground has unique acoustics.
Two sites are open to the public today:
- The Catacombs of St. Januarius (San Gennaro)—a relatively spacious necropolis with several thousand burial chambers. It is located near the Capodimonte Palace. The entrance is across from the Basilica of St. Januarius.
- The Catacombs of St. Gaudioso (San Gaudioso)—located directly beneath Naples Cathedral—are smaller and more cramped, but here, too, you can admire several hundred burial sites.
Practical Information
Tours of the underground city are led by experienced guides who will take you through all the highlights and share fascinating stories. Advance reservations are recommended, as tour capacity is limited.
Naples’ underground is literally a world unto itself—history, mysticism, and adventure lie hidden beneath the surface of this bustling city. If you ever visit Naples, be sure not to miss this unique attraction!
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