At first glance, the structure looks rather inconspicuous from the outside - the stone pavilion is located on the outskirts of the historic centre of the town. However, those who go underground will discover an amazing work of Renaissance architecture. The well reaches a depth of 53 metres and was built between 1527 and 1537 by order of Pope Clement VII. He took refuge here during the dramatic events when Rome was sacked by the armies of Charles V. The Pope wished to ensure that Orvieto had safe access to water even in the event of a long siege.
The double spiral - a masterstroke by Antonio da Sangallo
The author of the project was the renowned architect and engineer Antonio da Sangallo il Giovane, who designed the well to allow the smooth movement of people and animals to and from the water's surface. This is where its uniqueness lies: two separate spiral ramps.
Inside the well, two spiral staircases wind their way down, never meeting. One ramp leads down, the other leads up. This ingenious system prevented collisions between the donkeys that once carried the water containers and oncoming people. Lighting is provided by 70 windows carved into the walls of the well, allowing daylight to filter in and create a fascinating play of shadows and reflections.
Why the name of St. Patrick?
You might wonder why a well bears the name of Ireland's patron saint. The name Pozzo di San Patrizio comes from the legend of St Patrick's Cave in Ireland, which is said to lead to purgatory and give the impression of a bottomless pit. The inhabitants of Orvieto used this to describe the depth and monumentality of their well.
A historical monument and a tourist magnet
Today, the well does not serve to supply the town with water, but it has become an important tourist attraction and a symbol of Orvieto. From its edge you can look straight down to the surface of the water, where the circular walls reflect light in hypnotic patterns. Descending the 248 steps to the bottom of the well is an unforgettable experience that allows you to appreciate the technical ingenuity of the Renaissance builders with your own eyes.
